Mortise door-lock



R. A. BREUL.

MORTISE DOOR LOCK.

APPLICATION FILED me. n, 1916.

1,355,123, Patented Oct. 12, 1920.

WITNESSES: d. mvmron M 7% RICHARD A. BREUL, 0F BRIDGEPORT, CONNECTICUT.

MOR'I'ISE DOOR-LOCK.

Specification of Letters Patent. 7

Application filed January 11, 1916. Serial No. 71,405.

To all whom it may 00%067! Be it known that I, RICHARD A. BREUL, a citizen of the United States, residing at Bridgeport, in the county of Fairfield and State of Connecticut, have invented a new and useful Mortise Door-Lock, of which the following is a description.

My invention relates to an improvement in a door lock, arranged to be embedded and secured in a cavity within the door body. The production of such a cavity for looks of that kind in general use today is a lengthy and costly and not always satisfactorily concluded operation, on account of the thin remaining side walls inclosing the deep rectangular cavity, and of the necessity of se curing knob disks or escutcheon plates to these thin walls separately, by relatively short screws.

The object in view in the attainment of my present invention lies in the construction of a mortise door lock, the attachment of which to a door requires only little labor and skill, including the production of an always very smooth and reliable mortise cavity, and also the dispensation of any small parts now used with such locks on both sides of the door. Furthermore it is aimed to construct a lock convenient and adjustable for various accommodations, safe against picking and of good appearance, as well as plain, strong, and reliable.

In the following specification and accompanying drawings I will disclose the construction of my lock, possessing such and other advantages, as relating to its application and its use.

Referring to the drawings, Figure 1 rep resents the open lock case, containing the mechanism housed therein, and also shows the bolt head guiding face plate in the position it occupies in relation to the bolt and look, if secured to a door. Fig. 2 is the view of an empty lock case, supplied with a plate for covering and confining the locking mechanism, and Fig. 3 a sectional view on line X, Fig. 1, of the lock as contained in a proper cavity in a door. In Fig. 4 is illustrated a plate used as a lock shield over the mortise cavity and lock casing, and also shows certain working parts therein, as to be described. Fig. 5 represents a front view of the mechanism ahead of line X, Fig. 1, also including corresponding parts of cover and vshield, andcontaining a key, of which Fig. 7 is an edge view.

Fig. 6 is a plan View and Fig. 9 a side view of the outer roll back, held in the lock case, and Fig. 8 a front edge view of the bolt carrying slide. Fig. 10 represents a movable plate under the lock shield and Fig. 1'1 one of the tumblers, all as later referred to.

Before describing the various parts of my lock, and their function, I will now allude to its shape and form, and in a general way to the proceedingof applying and attaching it to a door.

I form my lock case with a view to enter it completely assembled and with the protruding latch bolt and head thereon far protruding therefrom, into a two way cavity consisting of a plain cylindrical hole, bored all through a door at a proper distance from its edge, and of another somewhat smaller hole, drilled from the edge of such door transversely and centrally into said first hole therein. These two holes comprise all the mortlse cavity necessary for the application of my lock, they are made quickly by common augers or bits, and by virtue of the special construction of my lock audits parts, as hereafter described, any one may quickly insert and as readily remove from such mortise the fully assembled casing having the extending bolt firmly secured therein. A much more simplified construction and application than heretofore described or known, of a lock of such style, is obtained, the feature of a special housing, as formerly necessary, for holding the sliding'bolt and securing it in both the lock casing and the cavity, is totally dispensedwith, and only a plain sheet metal plate, separately secured on the door edge, is required for guiding the protruding latch bolt head.

As shown by Figs. land 3, the lock case a,

Patented Ot. 12, 1920.-

preferably made of cast iron, consists of two disk, and contains a central aperture for the.

hub of rollback d, supplied with a knob spindle, e, and also has a rectangular slot, 4,

for the insertion and use of key a, (see Fig.

5). A tunnel shaped enlargement, denoted by 5, of one end of the key slot serves as a guide to facilitatethe entering of the key,

and a central circular wall, 6, is, as usual, for the protection of a knob hub, to be secured to spindle e.

Protruding into the inner lock space from its bearing in plate 1 is the roll back (l before mentioned, and separately illustrated in Figs. 6 and 9. The body portion is a. disk having the circular hub'portion (l freely seated in a hole located centrally through the base plate of the case, and. is provided with two inwardly pointing extensions, namely the tumbler guard (Z and the finger (Z which bears against and acts to return: the bolt slide. Into the square aperture (1, passing through disk and hub, is fitted and forced the knob spindle e, and fastened therein by a pin, (i

The bolt slide 0, as seen in Figs. 1 and 3, and also in the special end view, Fig. 8, is preferably shaped from a blank, stamped from sheet metal. From its flat main portion the wings a and 0 are bent upwardly and then inwardly, for action against either one of them by the broad finger r of a second rollback denoted by r. The upwardly bent parts of said wings also serve to hold the slide in place and guide it in its movements, wing 0 moving along the side of a groove in ing 9 of the case, while also supported by the bottom of said groove, and wing 0 by the adjoining upward bend 0 touches and slides along tumbler stud {7, this portion of the slide also resting on tumbler f.

Bent upwardly from material removed out of an adjoining aperture is the central lug 0 against Which rests and forces the coil spring 0, as indicated in Fig. 3, normally forcing slide and bolt outwardly, while its other end is resting in and against the wall groove 10 of the case. Another upwardly bent wing on the slide is denoted by 0 and serves in conjunction with the inner end of the slidable pin p for the locking of the slide in either its normal, advanced position, thereby preventing any attempt to open the lock and door from the outside, or in its inwardly returned position, thus permitting the door to swing freely on its' hinges and to close and open without any interference by the lock.

The forward portion of the slide, resting on lug 8 of the case, contains a rectangular aperture for the reception and fit therein of either one of the two correspondingly formed opposite lugs on the inner end of the latch bolt 5, such bolt thereby forming a rigid continuation of the slide, whereby both move in unison, the bolt being closely guided by passing through opening 7 through the case wall 2. The reversing of the bolt, as indicated above, renders the lock serviceable for right or left hand use, andfor doors opening either outwardly or into a hall or room. Next to said lugs on the bolt ends are grooves, made to straddle that portion of the slide remaining between its front edge and said rectangular aperture, one of these grooves being thus engaged, (see Fig. 3), while the upper groove, 5 is shown unoc- .Cupied, as self evident.

To obtain a convenient position of the lock in the door, the bolt extends to quite a distance beyond the case and has a much enlarged end, or latch head, a feature not obtainable in mortise locks of usual construction. This head passes through and is guided by a rectangular hole .in the independent, oblong face plate j, a side view whereof is shown in Fig. 1, and a sectional end view in Fig. 3, wherein it is shown as applied to and sunk in the edge of a door, its general form being like that of a lock striker. By observing the angle of the striking bevel, Z), of the bolt head, such will be found to be much less acute than usual, and serves tomove the bolt inwardly by only a fraction of the force needed for such operation against latch bolts having the usual steep striking bevel head.

Before continuing with the description of the remaining mechanism contained in the case, I will refer to two other lock parts, not

yet alluded to. As illustrated in full view in Fig. 2, and in the edge views shown in Figs. 3 and 5, the lock case is covered by a thin plate, marked is, preferably stamped from sheet metal and secured to the case by the screws g and g entering correspondingly threaded holes in properly located lugs of the case. This cover is, while thus firmly secured, rests loosely on the slide and bolt end connected therewith, and over spring 0, allowing perfectly free, but securely guided movements of these parts. As "the complete casing occupies only approximately two thirds of the depth of the circular cavity y through the door, a shield. respectively the inner escutcheon, 8, formed like the base plate of the case and also having a bearing containing a rollback, fastened to the inner end of a spindle arranged to hold the inside door knob. Said shield serves to close the other, or inner, end of y, and to overlap it to some extent by its overhang, m, while the three lugs, s s and .9

enter cavity 1 and closely engage its wall, as appears in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4. In connection herewith it is to be noted, that by these means, the close and perfect engagement of the wall ofhole y in the door by these lugs or ridges on the inner face of shield s, and by a like fit in such hole of the bottom portion of the case wall, at its junction with base plate 1, these two lock parts become unchangeably arranged in perfect alinement with each other, and so securely held in position and so independent in their respective offices, that even a loosening of the fastening screws 9 qfland will not affect proper operation of the lock parts. Said screws, after'freely passing through holes 72*, and 7c in coveris, enter threaded holes in correspondingly locatedlugs along the side wall of the case, as shown in Fig. 1, and by these means these look parts are firmly held together and in place. It is evident, however, to any mechanic, that these look parts may as well be fastened separately to the door by screws located in their overhanging portions or by bolts connecting together any corresponding ornamental extensions on the overhangs of these escutcheons.

In Fig. 3 a side view of the roll back in cover A is given, r being the body or disk, and r the finger thereon, which passes through and moves freely in the circular slot 70 in cover 70, as shown by the sectional view of said finger in Fig. 2. ()ne of the rounded ends of r engages wing c of the bolt slide and the other one wing 0 thereof, so that a turn in either direction of the door knob, attached to spindle e will return the normally advanced latch bolt to within the face plate and door edge.

The slidable pin p, already alluded to, passes through and is guided by the angular slot .9, (see Fig. 4), to be moved horizontally along and then downward in the vertical leg of this slot, while the similarly shaped opening 10 in cover is guides and supports the shank part of said pin against any pressure and dislocation, when resting along either side of wing c of the bolt slide. A small knob or button, L, is riveted on the upper, reduced end of p, and a cup shaped washer of thin spring metal, 19, is placed under the knob, so as to press lightly on the surface of shield 8, while a small washer, rigidly held on p, rests against the smooth raised surface s on the under face of s. This arrangement serves to hold pin 9 securely in position by frictional pressure, wheresoever placed, and also permits smooth and easy shifting of it.

Returning to consider the remaining mechanism within the case, it will be observed by Figs. 1 and 5, that on the tumbler stud g, which is driven into the base plate of the case and has its upper, reduced end g supported in a hole in cover is, are loosely contained, by central holes therein, two tumblers, f and 7?, two washers, f and f", replaceable by additional tumblers, being held between them, and also the dog it below these all. The tumblers are first prepared as shown in Fig. 11, springs like 7 being driven into slots in the blanks stamped out of sheet metal, and, by being sprung against the end of lug 8 of the case, (see Fig. 1), force the tumblers to swing around until their edges f rest against lug 11 of the case. The key slot 4 is now covered by the tumblers as far as the edges, f extend. This remaining space leaves room enough for the nose n of the key to pass by, and on entering further, while pressing on the edges f and sliding along the peripheral tumbler edges), swings the tumblers until they come to rest on the assigned ste s on the key shank, which latter is then ful l y entered to the shouldered portion a.

The tumbler guard 01 on theroll back d closely approaches the outer peripheraledge of the tumblers, which latter, being swung along different distances according to the shape and steps of the key shank, are then cut out just opposite the tumbler guard face, as indicated by the dotted lines shown in Fig. 11. Roll back d can then be revolved by turning the outer door knob attached thereto, guard d entering into and passing along in the slots f in the tumblers, while finger d pressing on wing portion 0 of the slide, moves this latter together with the bolt inwardly, until such bolt is returned within the face plate 7', thus allowing the door to be pushed open. According to the position of the slot, 7", in a tumbler, the piece to be cut off below dotted lines 7", Fig. 11, will be longer or shorter, for the reason that both cuttings are made in the same die, and the material remaining between the slot and the edge 7" will always be of exactly the same width.

This latter feature is for the purpose of providing a way and means for arranging the tumblers from the'inside of the door, in the exact position as accomplished by the action of the entered key, whereby the lock and door may be opened from the outside without the use of a key, simply by turning the door knob. This is accomplished by,

means of the rod 71, secured in the dog h, passing through slot k 'in. the cover and slot 8 in the shield s, and having its upper end supplied with a knob, u, its short, threaded end portion entering a threaded hole in the knob. Slot 8' is so placed and shaped, that it holds rod h securely against any accidental displacement, in consequence of a shock or the like, in either its uppermost or lower position, by having the inner edge of the slot arranged to forcibly press against rod k in a manner to require strong, steady pressure to start and move it along, the end portions of such inner edge furthermore be ing sufiiciently relieved for allowing the rod to rest freely while confined in exact position at either'end of the slot. In its lowest position the rod is just free of edge f of the farthest swinging tumbler, (see f, Fig. 1), while edge f thereof rests against lug 11 of the case, and when resting at its upper stop it will have raised any and all tumblers so placed within the lock, and pierced and clipped for any key steps whatever, to the exact position for having the guard d of' dent by the fact stated above, that the distance of edge 7' from slot f is perfectly alike in all tumblers thus pierced. To prevent the admission of dust or other foreign matter through the open portion of slot 8*, a swinging plate, 1), is secured underneath it by a shoulder pin, '0 as illustrated in Figs. 4c and 5. In Fig. 10 is seen a special View of such plate 1'. showing a slot, v, through which the shifting rod k extends and slides along, carrying this plate with it, which closes any open portion of 8", whethersuch occurs above or below the rod.

The aperture k for the passage of rod it through the cover is just a trifle larger than the similar one in the shield, as just described, so that the rod may not touch any edge of F. For the purpose of guiding the end portion a of the key shank and to support its inner side and the edge opposite the tumbler steps, the notch H, (see Figs. 2 and 3) is contained in cover is.

The handle portion of the key, (see Fig. 7), is preferably bent outwardly at an obtuse angle, which feature provides for the easy and correct entering and the prevention of wrong insertion of the key, as the door knob would interfere with such latter attempt.

One feature yet remains to be described, and this concerns the manner in which my lock case, together with its far outwardly extending bolt, may be properly entered into and as readily removed from the mortise cavity 3 and its rectangularly adjoining extension 2. This I accomplish by reducing the rear half of the side wall of the case so as to have it swing into cavity 3 while the forward edge of the overhang, marked 12, (see Fig. 3), is held close against the door. The shape and outlines of the rear portion of this wall thereby obtained are shown by the top view of it and by its inner, semicircularv boundary line 13, Fig. l as well as by the sectional View, Fig. 3, by line 14, representing the sweep of the extreme outward, portion. The bolt 5, extending through the edge of the door, will at the same time also readily be withdrawn from there and from the cavity 2, after the bolt is first returned to its farthest inward position by action of the door knob attached to roll back d. As denoted by 6 the central portion of the bolt is much reduced, to secure the unobstructed passage thereof from said cavity, while the case is swung outwardly around edge'12 as stated above.

It will be observed by the foregoing that my new lock possesses many prominent features of advantage in its construction, application, and use. Thoroughly compact in form, of solid and pleasing appearance, all its mechanism reliable and strong, secure against pickin' or other interference, self locking, and a so readily unlocked by the more insertion of a thin flat key acting on very variable combinations of sensitive tumblers. The locking mechanism, however, can

be instantly arranged by a button on the shield on the inside of the door, as fully described above, that the lock and door may be freely opened from the outside without a be locked against all possible means and attempts to open it from the outside, by inter-' posing sliding pin 9, as described, behind wing a of the normally advanced bolt slide. By retracting the bolt, however, and then confining it in such position by interposing the same sliding pin, as evident, against the opposite edge of said wing of the bolt slide,

1 the door may swing freely each Way, or open by a slight push, it held to by a door spring.

A special feature of my lock consists in its quick and handy removal from the door and cavity therein. This is accomplished from the inside of the door, by removing the three screws securing the inner escutcheon and lock case together, whereupon this escutcheon with its roll back d. and knob thereon drops off to the inside and the case is pushed and swung off to the outside, in the manner described.

It is clearly evident by such description, that a lock casing constructed according to my present improvement can be readily entered into a two way mortise cavity in a door, prepared as described herein, and as well be removed therefrom, together with all the principal mechanism, including the protruding latch bolt, such being permanently contained and operative therein. The face plate for guiding the bolt head is preferably placed into its correct position along the door edge by being slipped on said protruding bolt head, then seated and secured in such place. A perfectly accurate support and. guide for the bolt and also the proper position of the lock itself is automatically secured thereby. In connection herewith may be stated that my combined unit of easing, bolt extension and separate bolt head guiding plate, is applicable for use in closet door or drawer looks or latches.

No inner escutcheon and knob being re-' of the door, cannot be removed from therein. unless the door is first opened, an act which cannot be achieved, if the bolt cannot be withdrawn by reason of its breakage, by loss of key or the like. The very quick and easy manner, however, of preparing a door for the reception of my lock, consisting of drilling the holes y and z and the two shal low recesses for the semi-circular ends of the face plate, isof utmost importance by the saving of time, labor, and cost resultin; therefrom. The base plate of my lock case also constitutes and represents the eX- terior escutcheon or knob shield, and these two parts being attached to the door simultaneously with the inner escutcheon, as above described, the usual labor for correctly setting and securing the escutcheon plates is avoided. The door knobs, furthermore. rest well against the shields, when secured to the knob spindles, which have only one screw hole for that purpose, and none of the usually employed sheet metal rings are needed to overcome any looseness of the knobs. These short knob spindles, being firmly secured in the roll backs, can not shift or drop out, should any of the'knobs become disengaged from them and occasional serious inconvenience from such occurrence is not possible. Door knobs of the usual construction being employed in this device, it is evident that my lock can be supplied at will with common or fancy, metal, china, glass, or any other such knobs generally sold in the market. The application of a much more obtuse angle to the bevel face of the bolt, as fully alluded to in the specification, effects a noiseless and almost resistless retraction of the bolt and closing of the door, and of much convenience also is the circumstance that my lock can be opened in the dark as quick as in bright daylight, because the direction of the key slot passes close to the doorknob, and the ke being offset for convenience and quick application, as described, can not be reversed and entered wrong, because the 0dset head portion would strike the knob and prevent the passage of the key into the key slot.

It will be noted, that the general shape of my lock casing, or portions thereof, are immaterial, asa square or oval case may be employed as well, if relieved in similar manner for like purpose and principle of inserting it into or removing it from the mortise cavity.

I claim as new:

1. A mortise lock comprising an exterior escutcheon, a tubular, conically reduced casing combined therewith, a sliding bolt in and extending centrally beyond said casing, a single rollback journaled in the escutcheon of the casing, a door knob spindle, its inner end firmly attached to such rollhead portion situated outside of the casing,

a face plate forming the bottom of the casing, a rollback journaled therein, the inner end of a door knob spindle firmly attached to such rollback, in combination with an independent guide plate engaging such described bolt head, an independent interior face plate, a rollback rotatably mounted therein, the inner end of a knob spindle rigidly secured in said rollback, and a bolt retracting finger in such rollback, an aperture through the lock cover for the passage and movement of such finger.

3. In a mortise lock comprising a casing, the casing bottom extending over the casing wall, a spring actuated bolt slide within the casing, a latch bolt reversibly seated in such slide, the body part of said latch bolt ex" tending out of the casing, an enlarged head portion on such body end remote from the casing, said bolt head passing through a suitable aperture in a separate flatguiding plate,v an independent interior door shield, an inwardly disposed alining portion thereon, a rollback journaled in this door shield, and another rollback seated in the casing bottom, said rollbacks fastened. to the inner ends of knob bearing spindles, said casing wall entering and fitting one end of a cavity through a door, the alining portion of the interior door shield engaging and fitting the other end of such cavity and the bolt head guiding plate covering the end of another cavity bored from the door edge centrally into said former cavity, said guiding plate being secured on the door edge. 7

4C. In a mortise lock comprising a casing consisting of a bottom portion overlapping a circular wall portion thereon, a normally advanced sliding bolt held in said casing, the body portion of said bolt extending through and beyond the casing, an enlarged head portion on the end of the protruding bolt body, a guiding plate engaging said bolt head, the casing wall having its rearward portion reduced upwardly in cylindrical shape as centered from the front edge of said overhanging bottom, in combination with a proper two way cavity in a door for the reception of such a casing together with the bolt extending therefrom, substantially as described. v

5. A mortise lock comprising a combined casing and exterior escutcheon, a normally advanced slide in such casing, a latch bolt attached to said slide, its body part extending through and beyond the casin wall, an

enlarged bevel head on the protruding body of the bolt, the casing wall having its rearward portion reduced lupwardly radially from and around the front edge of the escutcheon portion, said casing adapted to be entered into a proper circular mortise cavity bored through a door, the protruding bolt simultaneously passing into and along a circular hole bored lengthwise into the door from the edge thereof and centrally into said cavity through the door, an

inner end of such cavity, in combination with a bolt head guiding plate secured over the door edge, covering the opening of the cavity in the edge of the door and engaging the head portion of the latch bolt protruding beyond the door edge.

6. A mortise lock casing consisting of a circular wall portion situated within an overhang of the edge of the casing bottom, said casing wall being reduced upwardly in a peripheral sweep from a fulcrum obtained at the front edge of the overhanging case bottom, said casing containing a rollback, a knob spindle fastened in such rollback and extending outwardly through the easing bottom, a bolt sliding in the casing and extending throu h and beyond the casing wall, an enlarged head portion on such bolt extension, a covering plate on the casing, such parts and easing forming a permanently assembled unit for the application, retainment, or removal thereof from a proper two way cavity within a door, an independent plate having an aperture ada ted to receive and to guide the bolt head.

7. In a mortise lock comprising a casing, an exterior escutcheon combined therewith, a spring actuated bolt slide in said casing, a protruding bolt rigidly and reversibly secured into such slide, a guarded rollback journaled in the escutcheon portion of the casing and a free acting rollback seated in the independent interior escutcheon, inwardly disposed bolt slide returning projections extending from the rollbacks, opposite wing portions on said bolt slide, a bolt blocking extension on the same, a shifting rod adapted to engage either side of such blocking extension, coinciding 'L-shaped apertures in the interior escutcheon and in the casing covering plate, said shifting rod passing through and being supported, held, and guided by both such apertures.

8. In a lock comprising a casing, a normally advanced sliding bolt therein, a rollback journaled in said casing and mounted on the inner end of a knob spindle, a tumbler guard on such rollback, normally rest- 5 ing on the peripheral edges of a set of tuminterior escutcheon filling and closing the blers suspended on a stud in the casing, said tumblers containing openings leading inwardly from said edges, a rectangular key passage through the casing and cover thereon, in combination with a sliding key adapted to swing the tumblers and arrange their peripheral openings into line with said rollback guard.

9. In a mortise-lock comprising a combined casing and exterior escutcheon, a sliding bolt in and extending through and beyond said casing, a rollback seated in a bearing in such escutcheon portion, a slide returning finger and a tumbler guarding projection on said rollback, tumblers loosely held on a stud secured in the casing and in a cover thereon, guard passages in said tumblers, the tumbler portions remaining below such passages being of same width and shape in all the tumblers, in combination with an interior escutcheon, carrying a slide attached to means engaging said described tumbler portions.

10. In a lock comprising a casing, a sliding bolt and a' rollback in such casing, sai'd rollback connected to an exterior knob, a bolt returning finger and a tumbler guard on said rollback, tumblers held on 'a stud in said casing and normally blocking said tumbler guard, guard admitting apertures in the tumblers, wing portions of same size and shape below such apertures, a rod'situated across the lower edges of said tumbler wing portions, a swinging dog carrying this rod, an aperture in the casing cover for the passage of the rod, a like aperture in an interior knob carrying shield, a threaded end portion on such rod, a removable but-- ton engaging such end portion.

11. In a mortise lock comprising a casing, a sliding bolt in the casing, an exterior door shield forming the casing bottom, a rollback seated therein and attached to the inner end of a knob spindle, a blocking guard on saidrollback, tumblers on a stud within the casing and proper guard passages in the peripheral edges of said tumblers, a rectangular key aperture through the casing bottom, a portion of the mouth of this aperture being countersunk,a notch in the easing cover in line with said aperture, a key insertible in close proximity to the door knob, such key ofi'set above its shank, portion.

12. In a mortise door lock, comprising an exterior door shield, a casing united therewith, an interior door shield, rollback bear- "ings in these door shields, rollbacks journaled in both these hearings, such rollbacks firmly secured to the inner ends of separate knob spindles, a bolt slide in said casing, a latch bolt body secured in" this slide and extending out of the casing, a bevel head distant from the casing on such bolt body, and an independent plate having a bolt head engaging aperture, said lock casing therein and extending through the interior having its rearward Wall portion reduced door shield.

radially upward, the lower portion of such RICHARD A BREUL casing Wall being of the same size as the 5 interior portion of the interior door shield, WVitnesses:

key controlled tumblers contained in the BENJAMIN F. PIKE,

lock casing, tumbler registering mechanism SUSAN BREUL. 

